From previous pane

By the early 1990s, howev-
er, technology had evolved to
the point where customized
software could be developed
specifically to produce prelimi-
nary and official voters lists, ina
format that could be imported
into most word processing,
spreadsheet and database seft-

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ware applications. Since the
October 1992 federal reteren-
dum, computerized voters lists
have been produced using
database software developed
specifically for that purpose.

In 1996, amendments to
the Canada Elections Act and
the Referendum Act provided
tor holding a final fedcral enu-
Meration to serve as the basis
for building the National

Register of Electors, which
now serves as the basis for the
preliminary voters lists for ted-
eral electoral events. This final
enumeration was held in April
1997. By eiiminating enuimera-
tion, the legislation also
reduced the election period
from a minimum of 47 days to
36.
Voting procedures

Benveen 1920 and 1993,
only certain categories of elee-
tors were permitted to vote at

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advance polls. Today any elce-
tor may vote at the advance
polls.

Transter certificates were
introduced in 1920 for use by
candidates and their represen-
ratives, and by certain clecties
officials whose work made it
impossible for them to be in
their own ridings on election
day. Eligibility for this voting
tool was extended in 1977 and
again in 1992 and 2000.

The Special Voting Rules,

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first introduced during the First
World War, provide for electors
who are unable to get to their
polling stations either on ¢lec-
tion day or at the advance polls
a means to vote ubat protects
both the security and the secre-
ev of their ballot. Eligibility to
use the special ballot has been
extended several times since its
inception and has been almost
universal since 1993.

In 1996, the times for
opening and clesing the polls
on election day were staggered
across time Zones, so that 2
majority of the results are avail-
able at approximately the same
time across the country, The
hours for voting were extended
from HH to 12, and the number
of hours that must be available
to employees during the time
that the polls are open to allow
them to vote was reduced to
three from four.

Since the adoption of Bill
C-2 in 2000, an elector who,
because of a physical disability,
carnot go to a polling station
or to the office of the returning
officer, or who cannot mark a
ballot, may vote at his or her
home in the presence of an
clection officer and a witness
chosen by the elector. In addi-
tien, the Chief Electoral
Officer may devise and test
electronic voting techniques for
furure use.

Candidates and parties

In 1948, the electoral legis-
lation was amended to require
that candidates be qualified
electors. In 1970, the number
of signatures required on the
nomination’ paper was
increased from 10 to 25 (a
return to the number required
before 1920) and in 1993 the
number increased again, to
100. For the large and thinly
populated electoral districts list-
ed in Schedule 3 of the Act, the
number of signatures is 50. In
1993, the deposit required at
nomination was increased from
$200 to $1,000. Today. this
deposit is completely refund-
able, or the condition that the
candidate fulfills the require-
ments of she Act concerning
reports and unused official
receipts.

Since 1970, parties have
had the option of registering.
Kegistration brings with it strict
reporting requirements, but

200!

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2001 JEEP GRAND CHEROKEE LAREDO

also several benefits. For exam-
ple, a candidate endorsed by a
registered party may have the
party affiliation shown on the
ballot, and registered parties
are entitled to an allotment of
paid and free broadcasting time
during general elections. There
are also financial advantages to
registration. For example, reg-
istered parties are cligible for
reimbursement of a percentage
of their election expenses,
according to a formula set out
in the legislation, and dona-
tions to the party are tax-
deductible, with a maximum
tax credit of $300. The number
of registered political parties
increased from four at the 1972
general election to 10 at the
general election of 1997. (The
number of candidates standing
tor election — federally has
increased significantly over the
years: from 632 in 1921 to
1,672 in 1997.)

Third parties ;

With the adoption of Bill C-
2 in 2000, persons and groups
who are not registered political
parties, nor riding associations,
nor candidates, and who spend
more than $500 for election
advertising during an electoral
peried, must register them-
selves as third parties. They are -
subject to a spending limit of
$3,000 per electoral district, up
toa maximum of $150,000 for
election advertising. :

Registered third parties
must submit a report on the
cost of their advertising and the
source of the funds used to pay
for it. The report must declare’
every contribution. over the
amount of $260 received dur-
ing a period starting six months
before the issue of the writs and
ending on election day. Third
parties are subject to the same
restricticns as polidcal parties
and candidates in relation to
election advertising and elec-
tion opinion surveys.
Finances :

Income tax receipts tor con-
tributions to political parties
were not available before 1974,
at which time political parties
became subject to an election -
expenses limit and had to dis-
close revenues and expenses in
a retum submitted to the Chief
Electoral Officer. In 1996, the

Ser election following page

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